clindamycin (cli  (Ambeed Inc)

Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Montelukast treats Streptococcus pneumoniae -induced sepsis via antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01221-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of montelukast-mediated growth inhibition and bactericidal activity against S. pneumoniae strain S12. ( A ) Growth curves of S12 treated with montelukast at various concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 µg/mL), assessed by OD600 measurements. ( B ) Bactericidal activity assessed by CFU enumeration after treatment with montelukast. Synergistic antibacterial effects of montelukast sodium in combination with different antibiotics against four clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae (S12 [ C ], S65 [ D ], S28 [ E ], and S44 [ F ]), evaluated by the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). Montelukast was combined with levofloxacin (LEV), penicillin (PCN), clindamycin (CLI), azithromycin (AZM), or tetracycline (TET). The dotted red line indicates the threshold of FICI = 0.5, below which synergistic interaction was defined. Experiments were performed in biological triplicates. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD) ( n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired two-tailed t -test (*** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Control antibiotics included penicillin G (PCN), levofloxacin (LEV), clindamycin (CLI), azithromycin (AZM), tetracycline (TET), vancomycin (VAN), and linezolid (LIN), all obtained from MedChemExpress (China) and prepared according to CLSI-recommended concentration standards.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Occurrence, risk assessment of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in typical rivers of Sichuan

doi: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598958

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibiotics concentration at monitoring sitesin 9 Rivers. A, JinShaJiang River; B, Jialingjiang River; C, Daduhe River; D, Fujiang River; E, Qujiang River; F, Tuojiang River; G, Minjiang River; H, Yalongjiang River-Huanghe River. TCs, Tetracycline; OTC, oxytetracycline; CTC, chlortetracycline; TE, tetracycline; AMP, ampicillin; AMX, amoxicillin; CEX, cephalexin; CTX, cefotaxime; SAs, Sulfonamides; SD, sulfadiazine; SMZ, Sulfamethoxazole; FQs, Quinolones; ENR, enrofloxacin; LEV, levofloxacin; NOR, norfloxacin; MOX, moxifloxacin; LINs, Lincomide; CLI, clindamycin; CRPs, Amide alcohols; CAP, chloramphenicol.

Article Snippet: Including β-lactam (β-lactams): amoxicillin (AMP), ampicillin (AMX), cephalexin (CEX), cefotaxime (CTX); Quinolones (FQs): enrofloxacin (ENR), levofloxacin (LEV), norfloxacin (NOR), moxifloxacin (MOX); Sulphonamides (SAs): sulfadiazine (SD), Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ); Tetracycline (TCs): oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TE), chlortetracycline (CTC); Amide alcohols (CRPs): chloramphenicol (CAP); Lincomide (LINs): clindamycin (CLI).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Occurrence, risk assessment of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in typical rivers of Sichuan

doi: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598958

Figure Lengend Snippet: Risk assessment of antibiotic at monitoring. TCs, Tetracycline; OTC, oxytetracycline; CTC, chlortetracycline; TE, tetracycline; AMP, ampicillin; AMX, amoxicillin; CEX, cephalexin; CTX, cefotaxime; SAs, Sulfonamides; SD, sulfadiazine; SMZ, Sulfamethoxazole; FQs, Quinolones; ENR, enrofloxacin; LEV, levofloxacin; NOR, norfloxacin; MOX, moxifloxacin; LINs, Lincomide; CLI, clindamycin; CRPs, Amide alcohols; CAP, chloramphenicol.

Article Snippet: Including β-lactam (β-lactams): amoxicillin (AMP), ampicillin (AMX), cephalexin (CEX), cefotaxime (CTX); Quinolones (FQs): enrofloxacin (ENR), levofloxacin (LEV), norfloxacin (NOR), moxifloxacin (MOX); Sulphonamides (SAs): sulfadiazine (SD), Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ); Tetracycline (TCs): oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TE), chlortetracycline (CTC); Amide alcohols (CRPs): chloramphenicol (CAP); Lincomide (LINs): clindamycin (CLI).

Techniques:

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

Article Title: Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes : an observational study in France

doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100800

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of the diameters of growth inhibition (halos) for 22 antimicrobials (2012–2019, n = 2908 clinical isolates). Plots are ordered by antimicrobial class: beta-lactams (AMP, ampicillin; AMX, amoxicillin; PEN, penicillin G; CTX, cefotaxime; IPM, imipenem), aminoglycosides (GEN, gentamicin; KAN, kanamycin; STR, streptomycin), macrolides (ERY, erythromycin), quinolones (NAL, nalidixic acid; CIP, ciprofloxacin; LVX, levofloxacin; MXF, moxifloxacin); tetracyclines (TET, tetracycline), rifamycins (RIF, rifampicin), lincosamides (CLI, clindamycin), phenicols (CHL, chloramphenicol), sulfonamides (SUL, sulfonamides); folate-inhibitors (TMP, trimethoprim); others (FOS, fosfomycin; FUS, fusidic acid; VAN, vancomycin). The antimicrobial disk content is shown in brackets. Antimicrobial names on light blue boxes highlight non-Gaussian distributions (intrinsic resistance). Dotted lines denote resistance breakpoints: green, contact resistance (diameter = 6 mm); blue, general PK/PD breakpoints20; red, adjusted epidemiologic cut-offs for natural susceptibility distributions (ECOFF).

Article Snippet: The inhibition zone diameters were measured for the following 22 antimicrobials: amoxicillin (AMX, 25 μg), ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), cefotaxime (CTX, 30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), clindamycin (CLI, 2 μg), chloramphenicol (CHL, 30 μg), erythromycin (ERY, 15 μg), fosfomycin (FOS, 50 μg), fusidic acid (FUS, 10 μg), gentamicin (GEN, 15 μg), imipenem (IPM, 10 μg), tetracycline (TET, 30 μg), levofloxacin (LVX, 5 μg), moxifloxacin (MXF, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NAL, 30 μg), kanamycin (KAN, 30 μg), penicillin G (PEN, 6 μg), rifampicin (RIF, 30 μg), streptomycin (STR, 10 μg), sulfonamides (SUL, 200 μg), trimethoprim (TMP, 5 μg), and vancomycin (VAN, 30 μg) (Bio-Rad, France).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

Article Title: Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes : an observational study in France

doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100800

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phylogenetic distribution of clinical and food Listeria monocytogenes isolates with acquired resistance traits (119 isolates out of 5339). Single linkage dendrogram based on cgMLST profiles (1748 loci, Institut Pasteur scheme). Lineages and sublineages with 2 or more isolates are labelled in the branches and corresponding clonal complexes are indicated in brakets. PCR-serogroups and source of isolation are colored as indicated in the key panels. Green boxes indicate isolates displaying antibimicrobial resistance phenotypes (ERY, erythromycin; TET, tetracycline; CLI, clindamycin; CTX, cefotaxime; FOS, fosfomycin; NAL, nalidixic acid; SUL, sulfonamides). Blue boxes indicate isolates displaying antimicrobial resistance genes. Red boxes indicate isolates with disinfectants or stress resistance traits.

Article Snippet: The inhibition zone diameters were measured for the following 22 antimicrobials: amoxicillin (AMX, 25 μg), ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), cefotaxime (CTX, 30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), clindamycin (CLI, 2 μg), chloramphenicol (CHL, 30 μg), erythromycin (ERY, 15 μg), fosfomycin (FOS, 50 μg), fusidic acid (FUS, 10 μg), gentamicin (GEN, 15 μg), imipenem (IPM, 10 μg), tetracycline (TET, 30 μg), levofloxacin (LVX, 5 μg), moxifloxacin (MXF, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NAL, 30 μg), kanamycin (KAN, 30 μg), penicillin G (PEN, 6 μg), rifampicin (RIF, 30 μg), streptomycin (STR, 10 μg), sulfonamides (SUL, 200 μg), trimethoprim (TMP, 5 μg), and vancomycin (VAN, 30 μg) (Bio-Rad, France).

Techniques: Isolation